植物诱变新技术及其在水稻育种上的应用

简要综述了石蜡油-EMS花粉诱变、离子束注入、花粉辐照和空间诱变新技术的诱变机理、生物学效应及其在水稻育种上的应用。     

PMSG诱导荷斯坦青年母牛发情试验研究

[目的]为了诱导始配年龄的部分青年母牛发情,提高奶牛的繁殖效益.[方法]对20头荷斯坦青年奶牛应用孕马血清PMSG注射用绒促性腺素进行诱导发情处理.[结果]处理后1～9 d内出现发情的有18头,发情率为90%,未发情率为10%;5头对照牛发情率为10%,未发情率为90%(P<0.01).[结论]PMSG处理诱导青年母牛发情的效果显著、确实、可靠.     

三种呼吸系统兽药制剂中非法添加盐酸溴己新、吲哚美辛的HPLC-PDA检测方法的建立

为检测麻杏石甘散、氟苯尼考注射液中非法添加的盐酸溴己新,甘草颗粒中非法添加的吲哚美辛,以十八烷基键合硅胶为填充剂,磷酸盐缓冲液-乙腈(20∶80)为流动相检测盐酸溴己新,以乙腈-0.1mol/L冰醋酸溶液(50∶50)为流动相检测吲哚美辛,流速为1.0 m L/min,波长扫描范围为200~400 nm,建立了相应的HPLC-PAD检测方法,并采用峰纯度检查和光谱相似度检查辅助对照品比对方法,对非法添加药物进行确证。结果显示,麻杏石甘散和氟苯尼考注射液中盐酸溴己新的回收率分别为94.8%和98.5%,甘草颗粒中吲哚美辛回收率为95.2%;盐酸溴己新线性方程为y=14780200x-16476,R=0.9999,吲哚美辛线性方程为y=10995430x+13033,R=0.9999;麻杏石甘散中盐酸溴己新检测限为83 mg/kg,氟苯尼考注射液中盐酸溴己新检测限为1.6 g/L,甘草颗粒中吲哚美辛检测限为1 g/kg。     

两种环境下玉米单倍体注射法与自然加倍研究

以玉米杂交种正大619为母本,单倍体诱导系桂诱1号诱导其产生的单倍体为材料,在温室大棚和大田两种环境下,采用秋水仙素注射法和自然加倍法进行单倍体加倍处理,对两种环境下不同加倍方法的散粉率和吐丝率进行方差分析。对散粉率的分析表明,在温室大棚环境下散粉率比在大田中有极显著提高,温室大棚中注射法与自然加倍散粉率分别是12.02%和13.97%,大田中分别为9.27%和6.87%。不同环境与加倍处理方法间的互作有显著差异,在温室大棚环境下,自然加倍法对提高散粉率的效果最好。对吐丝率的分析表明,吐丝率在温室大棚与大田环境之间有显著差异,大棚环境中注射法与自然加倍吐丝率分别是99.30%和99.37%,大田中分别为97.76%和96.36%。在育种基地创造适宜的玉米单倍体生长环境,自然加倍法也能够获得可观的雄穗散粉率,并提高雌穗吐丝率,从而提高单倍体育种效率。     

Injection molding of vertebral fixed cage implant

A vertebral cage is a hollow medical device which is used in spine surgery. By implanting the cage into the spine column, it is possible to restore disc and relieve pressure on the nerve roots. Most cages have been made of titanium alloys but they detract the biocompatibility. Currently PEEK (polyether ether ketone) is applied to various implants because it has good properties like heat resistance, chemical resistance, strength, and especially biocompatibility. A new shape of vertebral cage is designed and injection molding of PEEK is considered for production. Before injection molding of the cage, it is needed to evaluate process conditions and properties of the final product. Variables affecting the shrinkage of the cage are considered, e.g., injection time, packing pressure, mold temperature, and melt temperature. By using the numerical simulation program, MOLDFLOW, several cases are studied. Data files obtained by MOLDFLOW analysis are used for stress analysis with ABAQUS, and shrinkage and residual stress fields are predicted. With these results, optimum process conditions are determined.     

伊维菌素纳米乳对牛的安全性研究

研究了新型伊维菌素纳米乳对靶动物牛的安全性。将24 头牛随机分成4 组设空白对照、1 倍推荐剂 量3 倍剂量5 倍剂量处理各处理6 头牛分别按照0,0.2,0.6,1.0 mg/kg 体重给药,二次给药后于颈静脉采集全血和抗凝血进行血液生化和血液学检测。结果显示,所有试验牛在给药后的各项血液学及血液生化指标均在正常值范 围内各项指标变化差异不显著。各处理试验牛的心、肝、肺、肾等实质器官病理检测结果无明显异常。试验结果表 明,该新型伊维菌素纳米乳制剂对牛是安全的。     

The relative plasma availabilities of ivermectin in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) following subcutaneous and two different oral formulation applications

Background

Overwintering (breeding) reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are commonly treated with ivermectin against parasitic infestations once yearly in autumn-winter roundups. The only preparations registered to reindeer are those for subcutaneous injection. However, also oral extra-label ivermectin administration is used. Twenty-six, 8-month-old reindeer calves were randomly allocated into three groups. Group 1 (n = 9) received oral ivermectin mixture (Ivomec® vet mixt. 0.8 mg/ml, oral ovine liquid drench formulation), Group 2 (n = 9) oral ivermectin paste (Ivomec® vet 18.7 mg/g equine paste), and Group 3 (n = 8) subcutaneous injection of ivermectin (Ivomec® 10 mg/ml vet inj.), each group at a dose of 200 μg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected at treatment and at days 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 16 post treatment. Plasma concentrations of ivermectin were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection.

Results

The peak plasma concentration (C_max) was reached by 2 days after each treatment. The C_max and Area Under Curve (AUC) differed significantly between the groups: C_max was 30.2 ± 3.9, 14.9 ± 5.7 and 63.1 ± 13.1 ng/ml, and AUC_∞ was 2881 ± 462, 1299 ± 342 and 6718 ± 1620 ng*h/ml for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (mean ± standard deviation).

Conclusions

The differences in plasma concentrations of ivermectin are concomitant with earlier observed differences in antiparasitic efficacy, which discounts the use of the equine paste in reindeer in favour of the oral ovine liquid drench formulation, or preferably, the reindeer-registered subcutaneous injection formulation.     

LPG转子发动机缸内燃烧影响因素研究

建立了转子发动机的计算模型,结合自编程序在CFD软件上对转子发动机的燃烧过程进行了二维动态数值模拟,并利用实验结果进行了验证。在此基础上,计算得出缸内直喷LPG转子发动机燃烧演变过程,分析了喷嘴在3个不同位置时发动机的燃烧特性,由此确定了喷嘴安装的最佳位置,并进一步研究了该情况下喷油时刻和喷油持续期对转子发动机燃烧过程的影响。研究结果表明:在转速一定,给定喷射方向、喷射持续期和喷雾锥角时,发动机存在一个最佳喷射提前角,能使燃烧室内混合气分布合理,气缸压力峰值高,最大放热率和最大压力升高率高,燃烧持续时间短,发动机热效率高。当喷嘴位于长轴顶点时,燃烧稳定性和持续性都比其他两个位置更好,最佳喷射提前角对应的燃烧压力峰值最高;若在此最佳喷射提前角下,保持其他条件不变,改变其喷射持续期,会使最高燃烧压力和最大放热率出现一定的降低,但影响不大,其燃烧特性仍然比较理想,气缸压力峰值能达到6 MPa以上。     

直喷式柴油机喷油特性的测试分析

为分析柴油机的燃烧过程和性能，在喷油泵试验台上用W．Bosch长管法研究了喷油过程。介绍了试验装置和原理，分析了测试精度。试验结果表明：喷油管内气泡产生与压力波尾部形状有关；长管内残余压力很低，燃油声速接近理论声速；喷油率图近似于梯形，燃油喷射呈“先急后缓”的特征；喷油压力、喷油始点、喷油持续角和喷油率均取决于柴油机转速和负荷。     

喷油器压力和油温对标准油量影响的试验分析

研究了喷油器开启压力和试验油温度对标准油量的影响;分别建立了油温与喷油量以及喷油压力与喷油量间的回归方程。经分析,喷油量随着油温和喷油压力的升高呈显著线性递减。